Input data
To support NMIP-2, we have developed a comprehensive dataset of historical anthropogenic nitrogen input, with a spatial resolution of 0.250 x 0.250 latitude/longitude, annual time step covering a period from 1850 to 2020. This Harmonized Anthropogenic Nitrogen Input (HaNi) data product has integrated different sources of data including fertilizer N application in cropland (Lu and Tian 2017) and pasture (Xu et al. 2019), manure N production and application to cropland and pasture (Zhang et al. 2018, Xu et al. 2019), partition of ammonium N and nitrate (Nishina et al. 2017), and latest fertilizer and manure N data from FAO and IFA. The HaNi data includes 6 components: 1) fertilizer N application to cropland, ammonium N and nitrate N, separately, 2) fertilizer N application to pasture, ammonium N and nitrate N, separately, 3) Manure N application to cropland, 4) manure N application to pasture, 5) manure N deposition to pasture and rangeland, 6) atmospheric N deposition, NHx and NOy, separately. A detailed description of methods and data sources to generate the HaNi data is in preparation. Here we provide a brief description of all input data with a consistent spatial resolution (0.50 x 0.50 lat/lon) we used in NMIP-2:
The NMIP driving forces
| Data Name | Time Period | Temporal Resolution | Spatial Resolution | Sources | Variables |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fertilization | 1910-2019 | Yearly | 0.5° | Lu and Tian (2017) | N fertilizer use in cropland |
| Fertilization | 1910-2019 | Yearly | 0.5° | Lassaletta et al. (2014) | N fertilizer use in pasture |
| Manure | 1860-2019 | Yearly | 0.5° | Zhang ea al. (2017) | Manure production |
| Atmospheric nitrogen deposition | 1850-2020 | Monthly | 0.5° | NCAR CCMI | NHx-N and NOy-N deposition |
| Climate | 1901-2020 | 6-hourly | 0.5° | CRU-NCEP | Incoming longwave / shortwave radiation, air humidity, pressure, precipitation, temperature, and wind speed |
| CO2 | 1850-2020 | Yearly | 0.5° | NCAR | CO2 concentration |
| Land cover change | 1850-2020 | Yearly | 0.5° | LUH2 | Cropland/pasture/rangeland fraction |
| Irrigation change | 1850-2020 | Yearly | 0.5° | LUH2 | Irrigation |
| Tillage pattern | One time | One time | 0.5° | GFZ | Gridded tillage |
References
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- Lassaletta, L., Billen, G., Grizzetti, B., Anglade, J., Garnier, J, 2014. 50 year trends in nitrogen use efficiency of world cropping systems: the relationship between yield and nitrogen input to cropland. Environmental Research Letters 9, 105011. http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/9/10/105011/article
- Nishina, K., Ito, A., Hanasaki, N., and Hayashi, S, 2017. Reconstruction of spatially detailed global map of NH4 and NO3− application in synthetic nitrogen fertilizer, Earth System Science Data, 9, 149–162, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-149-2017.
- Zhang, B., Tian, H., Lu, C., Dangal, S.R., Yang, J. and Pan, S., 2017. Global manure nitrogen production and application in cropland during 1860–2014: a 5 arcmin gridded global dataset for Earth system modeling. Earth System Science Data, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-667-2017
- Lu, C. and Tian, H., 2017. Global nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer use for agriculture production in the past half century: shifted hot spots and nutrient imbalance. Earth System Science Data, 9(1), p.181. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-181-2017
- Klein Goldewijk, K., Beusen, A., Doelman, J. and Stehfest, E., 2017. Anthropogenic land use estimates for the Holocene–HYDE 3.2, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 927–953. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-927-2017
- Tian, H., Yang, J., Lu, C., Xu, R., Canadell, J.G., Jackson, R.B., Arneth, A., Chang, J., Chen, G., Ciais, P., Gerber, S., Ito, A., Huang, Y., Joos, F., Lienert, S., Messina, P., Olin, S., Pan, S., Peng, C., Saikawa, E., Thompson, R.L., Vuichard, N., Winiwarter, W., Zaehle, S., Zhang, B., Zhang, K., Zhu, Q, 2018. The Global N2O Model Intercomparison Project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99, 1231-1251. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0212.1
- Tian, H., Yang, J., Xu, R., Lu, C., Canadell, J. G., Davidson, E. A., . . . Zhang, B, 2018. Global soil nitrous oxide emissions since the pre-industrial era estimated by an ensemble of Terrestrial Biosphere Models: Magnitude, attribution and uncertainty. Global Change Biology(ja). https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14514
- Porwollik, V., Rolinski, S., Heinke, J., Müller, C, 2019. Generating a rule-based global gridded tillage dataset. Earth System Science Data 11, 823-843.
- Xu, R., Tian, H., Pan, S., Dangal, S. R. S., Chen, J., Chang, J., Lu, Y., Skiba, U. M., Tubiello, F. N., and Zhang, B, 2019.: Increased nitrogen enrichment and shifted patterns in the world’s grassland:1860–2016, Earth System Science Data, 11, 175–187. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-175-2019
- Hurtt, G.C., Chini, L., Sahajpal, R., Frolking, S., Bodirsky, B.L., Calvin, K., Doelman, J.C., Fisk, J., Fujimori, S., Klein Goldewijk, K, 2020. Harmonization of global land use change and management for the period 850–2100 (LUH2) for CMIP6. Geoscientific Model Development 13, 5425-5464. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5425-2020